using Microsoft.Win32;
using NAudio.Wave;
using Renci.SshNet;
using Renci.SshNet.Common;
using ServerMonitorApp.Properties;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Media;
using System.Net.NetworkInformation;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Xml.Serialization;

namespace ServerMonitorApp
{
    /// <summary>Central class for scheduling and executing checks against remote servers.</summary>
    public class ServerMonitor
    {
        private readonly string configFileDir;
        private readonly Logger logger;
        // Cancellation tokens for executing checks, keyed by check ID.
        private readonly Dictionary<int, CancellationTokenSource> tokens = new Dictionary<int, CancellationTokenSource>();
        // SSH private keys, keyed by the path to the private key file.
        // A value of NULL indicates that the private key is inaccessible or encrypted.
        private readonly Dictionary<string, PrivateKeyFile> privateKeys = new Dictionary<string, PrivateKeyFile>();
        // IDs of all checks that have been paused due to network unavailability,
        // or due to the system being suspended.
        // Not to be confused with checks that have been disabled by the user.
        private readonly List<int> pausedChecks = new List<int>();
        private bool running, networkAvailable, suspend;
        // List of check execution tasks that have been started.
        // A check task begins by sleeping until the next scheduled execution time,
        // then executes.
        private Dictionary<Task<CheckResult>, int> tasks;
        // XML serializer that can handle servers and all check types.
        private XmlSerializer xmlSerializer;
        private ServerSummaryForm mainForm;
        private WaveOut waveOut = new WaveOut();
        MediaFoundationReader mediaReader;

        /// <summary>Fires when the status of a check changes.</summary>
        public event EventHandler<CheckStatusChangedEventArgs> CheckStatusChanged;

        /// <summary>The collection of registered servers.</summary>
        public List<Server> Servers { get; private set; } = new List<Server>();

        /// <summary>A collection of all checks belonging to all registerd servers.</summary>
        public IEnumerable<Check> Checks => Servers.SelectMany(s => s.Checks);

        /// <summary>Path to the file that stores server and check configuration.</summary>
        public string ConfigFile { get; private set; }

        /// <summary>Path to the file that stores server and check configuration.</summary>
        public IEnumerable<string> LockedKeys { get { return privateKeys.Where(kvp => kvp.Value == null).Select(kvp => kvp.Key); } }

        /// <summary>ServerMonitor constructor.</summary>
        /// <param name="mainForm">A reference to the main form.</param>
        public ServerMonitor(ServerSummaryForm mainForm)
        {
            this.mainForm = mainForm;
            // Store configuration in %appdata%\ServerMonitor
            configFileDir = Path.Combine(Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.ApplicationData), "ServerMonitor");
            ConfigFile = Path.Combine(configFileDir, "servers.xml");
            logger = new Logger(Path.Combine(configFileDir, "monitor.log"));
            xmlSerializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(List<Server>), Check.CheckTypes);
        }

        /// <summary>Registers a new server with the server monitor.</summary>
        /// <param name="server">The server to be added.</param>
        public void AddServer(Server server)
        {
            Servers.Add(server);
            SaveServers();
            server.CheckModified += Server_CheckModified;
            server.EnabledChanged += Server_EnabledChanged;
        }

        /// <summary>Deletes a server from the server monitor.</summary>
        /// <param name="server">The server to be deleted.</param>
        public void DeleteServer(Server server)
        {
            Servers.Remove(server);
            // Cancel all queued and executing checks belonging to a
            // server that was deleted.
            foreach (Check check in server.Checks)
            {
                CancelCheck(check);
            }
            SaveServers();
        }

        /// <summary>Loads all servers and checks from the config file.</summary>
        public void LoadServers()
        {
            bool triedBackup = false;

        Read:
            TextReader reader = null;
            try
            {
                reader = new StreamReader(ConfigFile);
                Servers.Clear();
                Servers.AddRange((List<Server>)xmlSerializer.Deserialize(reader));
                // Do some more set-up now that the servers and checks have been loaded.
                foreach (Server server in Servers)
                {
                    // Read private keys into memory if they are accessible and not encrypted.
                    // If PrivateKeyFile != null, it means same the key has already been loaded for
                    // a different server and nothing more needs to be done.
                    if (server.LoginType == LoginType.PrivateKey && server.PrivateKeyFile == null)
                        OpenPrivateKey(server.KeyFile);
                    foreach (Check check in server.Checks)
                    {
                        // Update the checks so they know what server they belong to.
                        // Would rather do this in the Server object on deserialization, but
                        // that doesn't work when using the XML serializer for some reason.
                        check.Server = server;
                        // If the program last exited while the check was running, change its status
                        // to the result of its last execution (since, at this point, the check is
                        // not running).
                        if (check.Status == CheckStatus.Running)
                            check.Status = check.LastRunStatus;
                    }
                    server.CheckModified += Server_CheckModified;
                    server.EnabledChanged += Server_EnabledChanged;
                }
            }
            // If the file doesn't exist, no special handling is needed. It will be created later.
            catch (FileNotFoundException) { }
            catch (DirectoryNotFoundException) { }
            catch (InvalidOperationException)
            {
                reader?.Close();
                // If there was an error parsing the XML, try again with the backup config file.
                if (!triedBackup)
                {
                    File.Copy(ConfigFile, ConfigFile + ".error", true);
                    string backupConfig = ConfigFile + ".bak";
                    if (File.Exists(backupConfig))
                    {
                        File.Copy(backupConfig, ConfigFile, true);
                    }
                    triedBackup = true;
                    goto Read;
                }
                else
                {
                    // If there was an error reading the backup file too, give up.
                    throw;
                }
            }
            finally
            {
                reader?.Close();
            }
            Application.ApplicationExit += Application_ApplicationExit;
            NetworkChange.NetworkAddressChanged += NetworkChange_NetworkAddressChanged;
            SystemEvents.PowerModeChanged += SystemEvents_PowerModeChanged;

            // Remove old entries from the log file according to user preferences.
            logger.TrimLog();

            Run();
        }

        /// <summary>Saves all servers and checks to the config file.</summary>
        public void SaveServers()
        {
            GenerateIds();
            TextWriter writer = null;
            try
            {
                // Make a backup first in case something goes wrong in the middle of writing.
                File.Copy(ConfigFile, ConfigFile + ".bak", true);
            }
            catch { }
            try
            {
                writer = new StreamWriter(ConfigFile);
                xmlSerializer.Serialize(writer, Servers);
            }
            catch (DirectoryNotFoundException)
            {
                // If the directory does not exist, create it and try again.
                Directory.CreateDirectory(configFileDir);
                writer = new StreamWriter(ConfigFile);
                xmlSerializer.Serialize(writer, Servers);
            }
            finally
            {
                writer?.Close();
            }
        }

        /// <summary>Main server monitor loop. Schedules and executes checks.</summary>
        private async void Run()
        {
            // Do not run again if already running or if the system is suspending or resuming.
            if (running || suspend)
                return;

            running = true;

            // If the network is available, immediately execute checks that were supposed to run
            // earlier but could not due to network unavailability or the system being suspended.
            networkAvailable = Helpers.IsNetworkAvailable();
            if (networkAvailable)
            {
                foreach (int id in pausedChecks)
                {
                    await ExecuteCheckAsync(Checks.FirstOrDefault(c => c.Id == id));
                }
                pausedChecks.Clear();
            }

            // Schedule all checks to run according to their schedules.
            // Each check will sleep until it is scheduled to run, then execute.
            tasks = Checks.ToDictionary(c => ScheduleExecuteCheckAsync(c), c => c.Id);
            while (tasks.Count > 0)
            {
                // When any check is done sleeping and executing, remove the completed
                // task and queue a new task to schedule it again.
                Task<CheckResult> task = await Task.WhenAny(tasks.Keys);
                tasks.Remove(task);
                try
                {
                    CheckResult result = await task;
                    // Do not schedule the task again if it is now disabled.
                    // Result will be null if a scheduled check was disabled.
                    if (result != null && result.CheckStatus != CheckStatus.Disabled)
                        tasks.Add(ScheduleExecuteCheckAsync(result.Check), result.Check.Id);
                }
                catch (OperationCanceledException)
                {
                    // When a server's state changes to Disabled, any checks that are executing
                    // are immediately cancelled. Silently catch these expected exceptions.
                }
            }
            // If there are no enabled checks scheduled, exit the main loop.
            // It will be restarted when a check or server is enabled.
            running = false;
        }

        /// <summary>Schedules a check to be run on its schedule.</summary>
        /// <param name="check">The check to execute.</param>
        /// <returns>The async check result.</returns>
        private async Task<CheckResult> ScheduleExecuteCheckAsync(Check check)
        {
            // Do not schedule or execute the check if it or its server is disabled.
            if (!check.Enabled || !check.Server.Enabled)
                return await Task.FromResult(new CheckResult(check, CheckStatus.Disabled, null));

            // Create a cancellation token that will be used to cancel the check if it or
            // its server is disabled while it is executing.
            CancellationTokenSource cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
            tokens[check.Id] = cts;

            // Sleep until next time the check is supposed to be executed.
            // Use the LastScheduledRunTime so manual executions by the user do not
            // interfere with the schedule.
            check.NextRunTime = check.Schedule.GetNextTime(check.LastScheduledRunTime);
            int delay = Math.Max(0, (int)(check.NextRunTime - DateTime.Now).TotalMilliseconds);
            await Task.Delay(delay, cts.Token);
            check.LastScheduledRunTime = check.NextRunTime;

            // Execute the check if not cancelled.
            if (!cts.IsCancellationRequested)
            {
                // If the network is available, execute the check.
                // Otherwise, add it to the list of paused checks to be executed
                // when the network becomes available again.
                if (networkAvailable)
                {
                    return await ExecuteCheckAsync(check, cts.Token);
                }
                else
                {
                    if (!pausedChecks.Contains(check.Id))
                        pausedChecks.Add(check.Id);
                }
            }
            return await Task.FromResult(new CheckResult(check, CheckStatus.Disabled, null));
        }

        /// <summary>Executes a check asynchronously.</summary>
        /// <param name="check">The check to execute.</param>
        /// <param name="token">A chancellation token that may be used to cancel the check execution.</param>
        /// <returns>The async check result.</returns>
        public async Task<CheckResult> ExecuteCheckAsync(Check check, CancellationToken token = default(CancellationToken))
        {
            // Update the status.
            check.Status = CheckStatus.Running;
            OnCheckStatusChanged(check);

            // Execute the check.
            CheckResult result = await check.ExecuteAsync(token);

            // Increment the consecutive failure counter on failue, or reset
            // the counter on success.
            if (result.Failed)
                check.ConsecutiveFailures++;
            else
                check.ConsecutiveFailures = 0;

            OnCheckStatusChanged(check, result);
            HandleResultAsync(result);
            return result;
        }

        /// <summary>Handles the result of a check execution.</summary>
        /// <param name="result">The result.</param>
        private void HandleResultAsync(CheckResult result)
        {
            // Log the result.
            logger.Log(result);

            // Notify the user of failure according to user preferences.
            // If the check succeeded, result.FailAction will be None.
            if (result.Check.ConsecutiveFailures >= result.Check.MaxConsecutiveFailures)
            {
                if (result.FailAction == FailAction.FlashTaskbar)
                    mainForm.AlertServerForm(result.Check);
                if (result.FailAction.In(FailAction.FlashTaskbar, FailAction.NotificationBalloon))
                    mainForm.ShowBalloon(result);
                PlaySound(result.FailSound);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>Plays a sound.</summary>
        /// <param name="sound">
        /// If null, no sound is played.
        /// If string.Empty, the Windows default error sound is played.
        /// Otherwise, plays the sound at the given path.
        /// </param>
        private void PlaySound(string sound)
        {
            if (sound == string.Empty)
                SystemSounds.Asterisk.Play();
            else if (sound != null)
            {
                try
                {
                    mediaReader = new MediaFoundationReader(sound);
                    waveOut.Init(mediaReader);
                    waveOut.PlaybackStopped += WaveOut_PlaybackStopped;
                    waveOut.Play();
                }
                catch
                {
                    // Play the default sound if something went wrong.
                    SystemSounds.Asterisk.Play();
                }
            }
        }

        /// <summary>Disposes the media reader after sound playback.</summary>
        private void WaveOut_PlaybackStopped(object sender, StoppedEventArgs e)
        {
            mediaReader.Dispose();
        }

        /// <summary>Reads all check results from the log for a server.</summary>
        /// <param name="server">The server whose check results should be read.</param>
        /// <returns>A list of all check results found in the log file for the given server.</returns>
        public IList<CheckResult> GetLog(Server server)
        {
            return logger.Read(server);
        }

        /// <summary>Saves the check settings and notifies event subscribers when the status of a check changes.</summary>
        /// <param name="check">The check whose status has changed.</param>
        /// <param name="result">The check result that caused the status to change, if any.</param>
        private void OnCheckStatusChanged(Check check, CheckResult result = null)
        {
            SaveServers();
            CheckStatusChanged?.Invoke(check, new CheckStatusChangedEventArgs(check, result));
        }

        /// <summary>Handles user modifications to a check's settings.</summary>
        /// <param name="sender">The check that was modified.</param>
        private void Server_CheckModified(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            Check check = (Check)sender;

            // No need to mess with the task queue if not currently running.
            if (running)
            {
                Task<CheckResult> task = tasks.FirstOrDefault(kvp => kvp.Value == check.Id).Key;
                if (task == null)
                {
                    // No tasks associated with the check, so schedule a new one.
                    tasks.Add(ScheduleExecuteCheckAsync(check), check.Id);
                }
                else
                {
                    // Check was modified or deleted, so remove any waiting tasks.
                    CancelCheck(check);
                    if (check.Server != null)
                    {
                        // If the check was not deleted, schedule the new check.
                        // But only if it's still running, otherwise restarting the monitor below
                        // will create a duplicate run.
                        if (running)
                            tasks.Add(ScheduleExecuteCheckAsync(check), check.Id);
                    }
                }
            }
            // Run again in case removing a task above caused it to stop.
            Run();
        }

        /// <summary>Handles the enabled state of a server changing.</summary>
        /// <param name="sender">The server that was enabled or disabled.</param>
        private void Server_EnabledChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            Server server = (Server)sender;

            // Make sure the monitor is running. If no servers were enabled before this
            // one was enabled, it is not running.
            if (server.Enabled)
            {
                Run();
                // Schedule all checks to run.
                foreach (Check check in server.Checks)
                {
                    Server_CheckModified(check, new EventArgs());
                }
            }
            else
            {
                // Cancel all queued and executing checks belonging to a
                // server that was disabled.
                foreach (Check check in server.Checks)
                {
                    CancelCheck(check);
                }
            }
        }

        /// <summary>Cancels a check that may be executing.</summary>
        /// <param name="check">The check to cancel.</param>
        private void CancelCheck(Check check)
        {
            if (tasks == null)
                return;

            // Find the waiting or executing task for the check and remove it.
            Task<CheckResult> task = tasks.FirstOrDefault(kvp => kvp.Value == check.Id).Key;
            if (task != null)
                tasks.Remove(task);

            // Remove it from the list of paused checks so it doesn't get restarted later.
            pausedChecks.RemoveAll(id => id == check.Id);

            // Cancel the current execution.
            if (tokens.TryGetValue(check.Id, out CancellationTokenSource cts))
                cts.Cancel();
        }

        /// <summary>Handles network state changing.</summary>
        private void NetworkChange_NetworkAddressChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            networkAvailable = Helpers.IsNetworkAvailable();
            // If the network is available, it might not have been before.
            // This method is not called from the correct thread, so special
            // handling is needed to start it on the UI thread again.
            if (networkAvailable)
                mainForm.Invoke((MethodInvoker)(() => Run()));
        }

        /// <summary>Handles system power mode changes.</summary>
        private async void SystemEvents_PowerModeChanged(object sender, PowerModeChangedEventArgs e)
        {
            // If the system is being suspended, cancel all waiting and executing checks.
            // Once all the checks are removed, the main loop will exit.
            if (e.Mode == PowerModes.Suspend)
            {
                foreach (Check check in Checks)
                {
                    CancelCheck(check);
                }
                suspend = true;
            }
            else if (e.Mode == PowerModes.Resume)
            {
                // When resuming from suspend, examine each check to find out if it was
                // scheduled to be executed during the time period when the systems was
                // suspended. Add them to the paused checks list, to be executed almost
                // immediately.
                // Make sure the list is empty to start.
                pausedChecks.Clear();
                foreach (Check check in Checks)
                {
                    if (check.Enabled && check.Server.Enabled && check.NextRunTime < DateTime.Now)
                    {
                        pausedChecks.Add(check.Id);
                    }
                }
                // Wait 20 seconds to give things time to quiet down after resuming.
                await Task.Delay(20000);
                suspend = false;
                Run();
            }
        }

        /// <summary>Unregister system events when exiting.</summary>
        private void Application_ApplicationExit(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            NetworkChange.NetworkAddressChanged -= NetworkChange_NetworkAddressChanged;
            SystemEvents.PowerModeChanged -= SystemEvents_PowerModeChanged;
        }

        /// <summary>Attempts to read a private file.</summary>
        /// <param name="path">The path to the private key file.</param>
        /// <param name="password">The password used to encrypt the key.</param>
        /// <returns>A status indicating the result of the attempt.</returns>
        public KeyStatus OpenPrivateKey(string path, string password = null)
        {
            KeyStatus keyStatus;

            if (path == null)
                keyStatus = KeyStatus.NotAccessible;

            // Check if the key has already been open and read.
            if (privateKeys.TryGetValue(path, out PrivateKeyFile key) && key != null)
                keyStatus = KeyStatus.Open;
            else
            {
                try
                {
                    key = new PrivateKeyFile(path, password);
                    keyStatus = KeyStatus.Open;
                }
                // If the key is encrypted and the password is empty or incorrect,
                // return the NeedPassword status.
                catch (Exception e) when (e is SshPassPhraseNullOrEmptyException || e is InvalidOperationException)
                {
                    keyStatus = KeyStatus.NeedPassword;
                }
                // For any other failure reason, return the NotAccessible status.
                catch (Exception)
                {
                    keyStatus = KeyStatus.NotAccessible;
                }
            }
            // A single private key may be used by multiple servers. Update all servers
            // that use this private key with the results of the above operations.
            foreach (Server server in Servers)
            {
                if (server.KeyFile == path)
                {
                    server.PrivateKeyFile = key;
                    server.KeyStatus = keyStatus;
                }
            }
            // Keep a reference to this private key so we don't have to re-open
            // it later if the same key is used on a different server.
            privateKeys[path] = key;

            return keyStatus;
        }

        /// <summary>Generates internal IDs for servers and checks.</summary>
        private void GenerateIds()
        {
            if (Servers.Any())
            {
                // Start at the maximum ID to make sure IDs are not reused
                // if a server was deleted so old log entries do not get associated
                // with a new server.
                int id = Servers.Max(s => s.Id);
                foreach (Server server in Servers)
                {
                    if (server.Id == 0)
                        server.Id = ++id;
                }
            }

            if (Checks.Any())
            {
                // Start with the max check ID, same reasons as above.
                // Is there a reason this is stored in a setting?
                int id = Math.Max(Settings.Default.MaxCheckId, Checks.Max(c => c.Id));
                foreach (Check check in Checks)
                {
                    if (check.Id == 0)
                        check.Id = ++id;
                }
                Settings.Default.MaxCheckId = id;
                Settings.Default.Save();
            }
        }

        /// <summary>Creates an XML serializer that can handle servers and all check types.</summary>
        /// <returns>An XML serializer that can handle servers and all check types.</returns>
        private XmlSerializer CreateXmlSerializer()
        {
            return new XmlSerializer(typeof(List<Server>), Check.CheckTypes);
        }
    }

    /// <summary>Event arguments for when a check status changes.</summary>
    public class CheckStatusChangedEventArgs : EventArgs
    {
        /// <summary>The check whose status changed.</summary>
        public Check Check { get; private set; }

        /// <summary>The check result that caused the status to change, if any.</summary>
        public CheckResult CheckResult { get; private set; }

        public CheckStatusChangedEventArgs(Check check, CheckResult result)
        {
            Check = check;
            CheckResult = result;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>Possible actions that may be taken when a check fails.</summary>
    public enum FailAction
    {
        /// <summary>Flashes the Server Monitor tasbar program icon.</summary>
        FlashTaskbar = 0,
        /// <summary>Shows a balloon in the notification area.</summary>
        NotificationBalloon = 1,
        /// <summary>Take no action.</summary>
        None = 10
    }

}